表1. 海岸變遷的重要作用和因子(Process and Factors Important in Coastal Change)
|
大風暴(Major
Storms) |
暴浪(storm-generated
waves) |
暴潮(storm
surge) |
海準面(Sea
Level) |
海準變動(自然氣候變遷,溫室效應增溫)[eustatic
sea level(natural
climate change; greenhouse warming)] |
地層下陷(抽取地下流體)[land
subsidence (sub-surface
fluid extraction)] |
聖嬰現象對海準面暫時性的影響(El
Niño effects on temporal sea level) |
沈積物收支(Sediment
Budget) |
流域變遷(森林破壞等)(river
watershed changes(deforestation,
etc.)) |
河水利用(river
water use) |
河流築壩(damming
rivers) |
抽採河沙(sediment
mining) |
突堤與防波堤(jetties
and breakwaters) |
濬深港口和遠濱拋石(harbor
dredging and offshore disposal) |
海濱保護結構物(shore
protection structures) |
人工養灘(beach
nourishment) |